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Disulfide HMGB1: A Key Player in Cytokine Production
Overview: HMGB1 (High Mobility Group Box 1) is an essential nuclear protein with diverse roles depending on its biochemical form. It is released passively by necrotic cells, retained by apoptotic cells, and actively secreted by inflammatory cells. Given its crucial functions, HMGB1 knockout mice experience fatal outcomes shortly after birth, highlighting the protein's vital role.
Forms of HMGB1:
- Fully Reduced HMGB1:
- Function: Acts primarily as a chemoattractant, drawing motile cells to sites of injury or inflammation.
- Disulfide HMGB1:
- Characteristics: This form contains a disulfide bond between cysteine residues C23 and C45, while cysteine residue C106 remains reduced (HMGB1C23-C45C106h - Antoine J. et al., 2014, Mol Med).
- Function: Disulfide HMGB1 is known for its ability to induce cytokine and chemokine production in monocytes and other inflammatory cells (Venereau et al., 2012). This form is specifically critical for stimulating cytokine production in human macrophages.
Product Details:
- Form and Purity: The Disulfide HMGB1 provided here is the natural protein, free from tags or additional amino acids. It is available in lyophilized form, which facilitates easier handling and shipping by eliminating the need for dry ice.
- Applications:
- Cytokine Production Studies: Ideal for research into how HMGB1 influences cytokine production in human macrophages and other inflammatory cells.
- Inflammatory Response Research: Useful for exploring the mechanisms through which HMGB1 modulates inflammatory responses and chemokine production.
- Experimental Flexibility: The lyophilized format ensures stability and convenience for various experimental setups.
Significance: Disulfide HMGB1 plays a pivotal role in cytokine production and inflammatory responses. Its unique structural characteristics, including the disulfide bridge between residues C23 and C45 and the reduced C106 residue, make it a valuable tool for studying inflammation and immune responses. The availability of Disulfide HMGB1 in lyophilized form enhances its usability in research, offering a stable and practical option for investigating its biological functions.
This Immunoassay from Tecan IBL International is for research use only.
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